PSG has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.